中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (34): 5544-5549.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1941

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨质代谢与运动训练：骨重塑与骨细胞增殖

李苗苗1，2，罗  炯1，2，张庭然1，2，欧阳一毅1，2，周成林3
  

  1. 西南大学，1体育学院运动戒毒研究中心，2运动康复研究所，重庆市  400715；3上海体育学院运动科学学院，上海市  200438
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-24 出版日期:2019-12-08 发布日期:2019-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 罗炯，博士，教授，西南大学体育学院，国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室，重庆市 400715
  • 作者简介:李苗苗，女，1997年生，浙江省温州市人，汉族，西南大学在读硕士，主要从事体适能与全民健身研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社会科学基金重大项目(31360254)，项目负责人：周成林

Bone metabolism and exercise training: bone remodeling and osteoblast proliferation 

Li Miaomiao1,2, Luo Jiong1,2, Zhang Tingran1,2, Ouyang Yiyi1,2, Zhou Chenglin3
  

  1. 1Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;2Institute of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;3School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438
  • Received:2019-04-24 Online:2019-12-08 Published:2019-12-08
  • Contact: Luo Jiong, MD, Professor, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • About author:Li Miaomiao, Master candidate, Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Social Science Foundation of China (Major Program), No. 31360254 (to ZCL)

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摘要：

文章快速阅读：

 

文题释义：
骨质代谢：骨为肌肉收缩提供附着处及保护内脏等重要的生命器官。骨细胞不停地进行细胞代谢，不仅骨细胞之间相互作用，还存在基质细胞等相互作用，以进行骨的改建和重塑，而破骨细胞与成骨细胞在骨质代谢中起着重要的作用。
Wolff定律：运动引起的外在刺激直接受力于骨骼，促使骨骼发生变形，当骨骼受力弯曲或承载负荷时，骨内膜形成新的细胞层，在骨外膜对旧细胞进行重吸收，且骨骼中的成骨细胞并起到作用，形成新的骨骼骨力求达到一种最佳结构，即Woff定律，可简称为骨在需要处多生长，在不需要处多吸收。
 
 
背景：骨质代谢已成为近年来关注的一个重要议题，适宜的运动训练对骨质代谢具有积极的促进作用，且不同运动方式对骨代谢的影响也不同。然而目前有关运动对骨质代谢影响尚缺乏全面的、系统的认识。
目的：针对国内外学者有关运动对骨质代谢的影响进行全面综述，揭示骨代谢的生化、生物力学机制及运动对骨质代谢正向效益，从而为提高骨质代谢效率、预防骨质疏松等代谢性疾病提供理论基础及实践参考。
方法：搜寻截止至2018年12月的Elsevier、Springer、CNKI资料总库、万方数据、维普中文期刊服务平台、台湾学术文献数据库，检索有关骨代谢、运动训练等中英文文献，根据研究需要确立相应的入选标准，对最终所得文献进行筛选。
结果与结论：①骨重塑机制是维持骨质代谢平衡的一个重要过程；②运动对骨代谢的生物力学机制的影响主要有两方面，一方面直接刺激作用于骨的受力方向，另一方面是运动中肌肉收缩对骨的间接刺激，其表现在生长期的峰值骨量、减缓骨丢失以及对特定部位骨密度的影响；③运动能提高生长期的峰值骨量，增加骨量，减缓骨丢失，而不同类型的运动方式对骨代谢的影响也不同。

关键词: 骨代谢, 骨重塑, 肌肉收缩, 骨密度, 运动训练, 有氧训练, 抗阻训练, 冲击性训练

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Bone metabolism has become an important topic in recent years. Suitable exercise training has a positive effect on bone metabolism, and different exercise methods have different effects on bone metabolism. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic understanding of the effects of sports on bone metabolism related mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of exercise on bone metabolism reported by scholars inside and outside China and reveal the biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms of bone metabolism and the positive effects of exercise on bone metabolism, providing theoretical basis and practical reference for increasing the efficacy of bone metabolism and preventing metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
METHODS: A computer-based online search of Elsevier, Springer, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP and Taiwan Academic Literature Database was performed to retrieve literatures regarding bone metabolism and exercise training in Chinese and English. These retrieved literatures were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism of bone remodeling is an important process of bone metabolism. The influence of exercise on the biomechanical mechanism of bone metabolism mainly has two aspects. One is to directly stimulate the direction of force acting on the bone. The other is the indirect stimulation of muscle contraction during exercise to bone, which manifests as the effects of exercise on peak bone mass, the reduction of bone loss, and bone mineral density in a specific area during the growth period. Exercise can increase peak bone mass and reduce bone loss during the growth period. Different types of exercise have different effects on bone metabolism.

Key words: bone metabolism, bone remodeling, muscle contraction, bone density, exercise training, aerobic training, resistance training, impact training

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